處理工藝流程選擇，一般需考慮以下因素。
Generally, the following factors should be considered in the selection of treatment process.
1.廢水水質(zhì)生活污水水質(zhì)通常比較穩(wěn)定，一般的處理方法包括酸化、好氧生物處理、消毒等。而工業(yè)廢水應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的水質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行工藝流程的合理選擇。特別需要指出的是，對于采用好氧
生物脫硫處理工藝處理廢水來說，要注意廢水的可生化性，通常要求COD/BOD5>0.3，如不能滿足要求，可考慮進(jìn)行厭氧
生物脫硫水解酸化，以提高廢水的可生化性，或是考慮采用非生物處理的物理或化學(xué)方法等。
1. Wastewater quality the quality of domestic sewage is generally stable, and the general treatment methods include acidification, aerobic biological treatment, disinfection, etc. Industrial wastewater should be reasonably selected according to the specific water quality. In particular, for the treatment of wastewater by aerobic biological desulfurization process, attention should be paid to the biodegradability of wastewater, which usually requires COD / BOD5 > 0.3. If the requirements cannot be met, anaerobic biological desulfurization hydrolysis acidification can be considered to improve the biodegradability of wastewater, or non biological physical or chemical treatment methods should be considered.
2.污水處理程度這是污水處理工藝流程選擇的主要依據(jù)。污水處理程度原則上取決于污水的水質(zhì)特征、處理后水的去向和污水所流入水體的自凈能力。但是目前，污水處理程度的確定主要依從國家的有關(guān)法律制度及技術(shù)政策的要求。通常環(huán)境管理部門是根據(jù)《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》及相關(guān)的行業(yè)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來控制污水的排放濃度，一些經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高的地區(qū)還規(guī)定了更為嚴(yán)格的地方排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，無論是何種需要處理的污水，也無論是采取何種處理工藝及處理程度，都應(yīng)以處理系統(tǒng)的出水能夠達(dá)標(biāo)為依據(jù)和前提。按照法律、法規(guī)、政策的要求預(yù)防和治理水體環(huán)境污染。
2. Sewage treatment degree, which is the main basis for the selection of sewage treatment process. In principle, the degree of sewage treatment depends on the water quality characteristics of sewage, the direction of treated water and the self purification capacity of sewage flowing into water body. However, at present, the determination of the degree of sewage treatment mainly follows the requirements of the relevant national legal system and technical policies. Generally, environmental management departments control the discharge concentration of sewage according to the integrated wastewater discharge standard and relevant industrial discharge standards. Some areas with higher economic development level also have more stringent local discharge standards. Therefore, no matter what kind of sewage needs to be treated, and no matter what kind of treatment process and treatment degree is adopted, it should be based on the premise that the effluent of the treatment system can reach the standard. According to the requirements of laws, regulations and policies, water environmental pollution shall be prevented and controlled.
3.建設(shè)及運(yùn)行費(fèi)用考慮建設(shè)與運(yùn)行費(fèi)用時，應(yīng)以處理水達(dá)到水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為前提條件。在此前提下，工程建設(shè)及運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低的工藝流程應(yīng)獲得重視。此外，減少占地面積也是降低建設(shè)費(fèi)用的重要措施。
3. When considering the construction and operation costs, the precondition should be that the treated water meets the water quality standard. On this premise, the process flow with low construction and operation cost should be paid attention to. In addition, reducing land occupation is also an important measure to reduce construction costs.
4.工程施工難易程度工程施工的難易程度也是選擇工藝流程的影響因素之一。如地下水位高，地質(zhì)條件差的地方，就不適宜選用深度大、施工難度高的處理構(gòu)筑物。
4. The difficulty degree of engineering construction is also one of the influencing factors of process selection. If the groundwater level is high and the geological conditions are poor, it is not suitable to select the treatment structures with large depth and high construction difficulty.
5.當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀缓蜕鐣l件
5. Local natural and social conditions
當(dāng)?shù)氐牡匦?、氣候等自然條件也對廢水處理流程的選擇具有一定影響。如當(dāng)?shù)貧夂蚝?，則應(yīng)采用在采取適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)措施后，在低溫季節(jié)也能夠正常運(yùn)行，并保證取得達(dá)標(biāo)水質(zhì)的工藝。
Local topography, climate and other natural conditions also have a certain impact on the selection of wastewater treatment process. If the local climate is cold, the process that can operate normally in the low temperature season after taking appropriate technical measures should be adopted to ensure that the water quality reaches the standard.
當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣l件如原材料、水資源與電力供應(yīng)等也是流程選擇應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的因素之一。
Local social conditions such as raw materials, water resources and power supply are also one of the factors that should be considered in process selection.
5.污水的水量除水質(zhì)外，污水的水量也是影響因素之一。對于水量、水質(zhì)變化大的污水，應(yīng)首先考慮采用抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)的工藝，或考慮設(shè)立調(diào)節(jié)池等緩沖設(shè)備以盡量減少不利影響。
5. In addition to water quality, the quantity of sewage is also one of the influencing factors. For the sewage with large changes in water quantity and quality, the process with strong shock load resistance should be considered first, or the buffer equipment such as regulating pool should be set up to minimize the adverse impact.
6.處理過程是否產(chǎn)生新的矛盾
6. Whether there are new contradictions in the process of handling
污水處理過程中應(yīng)注意是否會造成二次污染問題。例如制藥廠廢水中含有大量有機(jī)物質(zhì)(如苯、甲苯、溴素等)，在曝氣過程中會有有機(jī)廢氣排放，對周圍大氣環(huán)境造成影響；化肥廠造氣廢水在采用沉淀、冷卻處理后循環(huán)利用，在冷卻塔尾氣中會含有氰化物，對大氣造成污染；農(nóng)藥廠樂果廢水處理中，以堿化法降解樂果，如采用石灰做堿化劑，產(chǎn)生的污泥會造成二次污染；印染或染料廠廢水處理時，污泥的處置為關(guān)鍵考慮的問題。
In the process of sewage treatment, attention should be paid to whether secondary pollution will be caused. For example, pharmaceutical wastewater contains a large number of organic substances (such as benzene, toluene, bromine, etc.), and organic waste gas will be discharged in the process of aeration, which will affect the surrounding atmospheric environment; the gasification wastewater of chemical fertilizer plant will be recycled after precipitation and cooling treatment, and cyanide will be contained in the tail gas of cooling tower, causing air pollution; dimethoate wastewater from pesticide factory will be degraded by alkalization If lime is used as Alkalizer in dimethoate, the sludge produced will cause secondary pollution; the disposal of sludge is a key consideration in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater.
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2020-07-14
