在自然條件下，石油煉廠的廢水、焦油污染的土壤里的硫化合物，其中的一部分會(huì)退化，這是因?yàn)樽匀唤缰屑?xì)茵存在的因素。菌類(lèi)脫硫(MDS)是在溫和的條件下，利用細(xì)茵的排謝過(guò)程適用于油脫硫，在化學(xué)過(guò)程中，脫硫劑可以再回收或自身補(bǔ)充。脫硫操作，有機(jī)硫分子排謝仍以烴類(lèi)為碳源，而不是選擇性或特異性硫的排謝，有機(jī)硫化合物的非水溶性為水溶性，隨后從石油中被分離出來(lái)，但有價(jià)値的碳?xì)寤衔镆膊糠謫适АDS如有機(jī)硫化合物的硫醇，硫化物和其他小分子量越有效。對(duì)于帶有碗雜環(huán)的芳香族化合物，據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)迄今只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)菌株能夠?qū)⑵渑胖x為水溶性的化合物，如假單胞菌和palcaligens氣味溫和，這限制了菌類(lèi)脫硫的商業(yè)價(jià)值。
Under natural conditions, some of the sulfur compounds in the oil refinery wastewater and tar contaminated soil will be degraded because of the presence of bacteria in nature. Fungus desulfurization (MDS) is a kind of metabolic process using bacteria under mild conditions, which is suitable for oil desulfurization. In chemical process, desulfurizer can be recycled or replenished by itself. In the desulfurization operation, hydrocarbon is still the carbon source of organic sulfur molecules, rather than selective or specific sulfur excretion. The water-soluble organic sulfur compounds are water-soluble, and then separated from petroleum, but some valuable carbon argon compounds are also lost. MDS such as organic sulfur compounds with mercaptans, sulfides and other small molecular weights are more effective. For aromatic compounds with bowl heterocycles, it has been reported that only a few strains have been able to excrete them into water-soluble compounds, such as Pseudomonas and palcaligens, with mild odor, which limits the commercial value of fungus desulfurization.
在菌類(lèi)脫硫方法的基礎(chǔ)上，90年代國(guó)外迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)了石油的生物脫硫( Bio De Sulfurization，BDS)技術(shù)。BDS技術(shù)是通過(guò)微生物的酶催化產(chǎn)生特定的C-S裂解反應(yīng)，釋放可溶性硫，碳?xì)寤衔锏拿复呋磻?yīng)，不損害石油烴鏈的基本骨架。BDS和加氫脫硫相比、具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):
On the basis of bacteria desulfurization method, bio de sulfurization (BDS) technology for petroleum was developed rapidly abroad in 1990s. BDS technology is a specific C-S cracking reaction, which releases soluble sulfur and carbon argon compounds by enzyme catalysis of microorganisms, without damaging the basic skeleton of petroleum hydrocarbon chain. Compared with hydrodesulfurization, BDS has the following advantages:
1、可以在較低的溫度和低的壓力操作;
1. It can operate at low temperature and low pressure;
2、成本低，生物脫硫比HDS具有投資少，10~15%運(yùn)行成本低50%;
2. Compared with HDS, biological desulfurization has less investment and 50% lower operating cost of 10 ~ 15%;
3、靈活性好，可以處理各種油，如石油，汽油，中間錦分油，催化裂化汽油，殘?jiān)剂嫌?
3. Good flexibility, can handle all kinds of oil, such as petroleum, gasoline, intermediate gasoline, FCC gasoline, residual fuel oil;
4、不需要?dú)猓?jié)約能源，減少二氧化碳的排放量，有益于環(huán)境保護(hù);
4. No need of gas, saving energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, beneficial to environmental protection;
5、對(duì)硫化合物的加氫脫硫裝置有效的除去是很難處理的，這是HDS傳統(tǒng)脫硫技術(shù)較難解決。因此，生物脫硫法是很有前途的。
5. It is very difficult to remove sulfur compounds effectively in HDS unit, which is more difficult to solve with traditional HDS desulfurization technology. Therefore, the biological desulfurization method is very promising.
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2020-11-18
